Tagged “cpa-1986”

2 articles on cpa-1986.

Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha: medical services as 'service' under consumer law

On 13 November 1995, a three-judge bench held that medical services rendered for consideration fall within 'service' under the Consumer Protection Act 1986, opening the consumer fora to patients alleging deficiency in treatment.

Valkya Editorial·14 Jun 2026·8 min

Landmark JudgmentSupreme Court of India

Laxmi Engineering Works v. P.S.G. Industrial Institute: the commercial-purpose line and the self-employment carve-back

Decided on 4 April 1995, this judgment defined the 'commercial purpose' exclusion from the meaning of 'consumer' and held that the 1993 self-employment Explanation brings back the person who buys goods to earn a livelihood.

Valkya Editorial·14 Jun 2026·8 min