On 7 August 2023, the Supreme Court held that 'custody' under Section 167(2) CrPC covers agencies beyond the police — including the ED — that the 15-day custody ceiling runs across the whole 60/90-day investigation, and that a writ of habeas corpus cannot short-circuit a magistrate's remand once Section 19 PMLA is complied with. A digest of the cash-for-jobs custody ruling, the hospitalisation episode, and the reference on Anupam Kulkarni.
The 1996 ruling that converted custodial protection from constitutional aspiration into station-house procedure — and the eleven directions that still govern every arrest in India, now carried over into Section 35 BNSS and beyond. A practitioner's digest.