Tagged “deficiency”

3 articles on deficiency.

Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha: medical services as 'service' under consumer law

On 13 November 1995, a three-judge bench held that medical services rendered for consideration fall within 'service' under the Consumer Protection Act 1986, opening the consumer fora to patients alleging deficiency in treatment.

Valkya Editorial·14 Jun 2026·8 min

Landmark JudgmentSupreme Court of India

Lucknow Development Authority v. M.K. Gupta: public authorities, exemplary damages and personal liability of officers

Decided on 5 November 1993, this judgment held statutory development authorities answerable as 'service' providers under the Consumer Protection Act, with no sovereign-function immunity, and authorised compensation for harassment recovered from the salaries of erring officers.

Valkya Editorial·14 Jun 2026·8 min

Landmark JudgmentSupreme Court of India

Spring Meadows Hospital v. Harjol Ahluwalia: the beneficiary as consumer and twin heads of compensation

Decided on 25 March 1998, this judgment held that both the person who hires a medical service and the beneficiary of it are 'consumers', allowing distinct awards to an injured child and to its parents arising from a single act of negligence.

Valkya Editorial·14 Jun 2026·8 min