The Supreme Court's three-judge Bench held that employees' PF and ESI contributions deducted from wages but deposited after the welfare-statute due date cannot be claimed under Section 36(1)(va) of the Income Tax Act. Section 43B does not rescue a late employees'-contribution deposit, because that money is held in trust and deemed income, not the employer's own liability.
The Social Security Code consolidates nine statutes — EPF 1952, ESI 1948, Maternity Benefit 1961, Payment of Gratuity 1972, Workmen's Compensation 1923, BOCW Cess 1996 and three more — and adds the world's first national statutory frame for gig and platform workers. A practitioner's read on the gig and platform definitions, the 1-to-2 per cent aggregator contribution, the pro-rata gratuity rule, and the June 2026 commencement gap.