Section 63 of the BSA is the successor to Section 65B of the Indian Evidence Act. It carries forward the *Anvar P.V.* / *Arjun Panditrao Khotkar* doctrinal architecture — certificate mandatory, no general secondary-evidence backdoor — and adds explicit recognition of hash values and a two-certificate framework (party + expert). A practitioner's consolidated reading of the section, the doctrinal continuity, and the operational architecture for evidence collection and adduction under the new code.