livelihood — Indian case law & digests

Supreme CourtSupreme Court of India

Laxmi Engineering Works v. P.S.G. Industrial Institute: the commercial-purpose line and the self-employment carve-back

Decided on 4 April 1995, this judgment defined the 'commercial purpose' exclusion from the meaning of 'consumer' and held that the 1993 self-employment Explanation brings back the person who buys goods to earn a livelihood.

Valkya Editorial·14 Jun 2026·8 min

High CourtHigh Court of Judicature at Bombay

Bombay HC, Fahim Ansari v. State of Maharashtra: police-clearance denial for a PSV badge, Article 21 livelihood and public safety

On 29 April 2026, a Division Bench of the Bombay High Court comprising Justice A. S. Gadkari and Justice Ranjitsinha Bhonsale held that denial of a Police Clearance Certificate for a Public Service Vehicle badge — to a petitioner acquitted in the 26/11 case but separately convicted in the 2008 Rampur CRPF camp attack — is a reasonable restriction on the right to livelihood under Article 21.

Valkya Editorial·2 Jun 2026·11 min