ValkyaEditorial

Tagged “passing-off”

11 articles on passing-off.

High CourtHigh Court of Bombay

Alkem Laboratories v. Numen Pharma (2026): ALCIPRO and ACIPROX are confusingly alike, and a 'bare possibility' of confusion suffices for medicines

On 8 June 2026 the Bombay High Court restrained Numen Pharma from using the mark 'ACIPROX', holding it phonetically similar to Alkem's registered 'ALCIPRO'. Justice Sharmila U. Deshmukh applied the heightened pharmaceutical confusion standard — the bare possibility of confusion is enough to injunct — and refused to dissect the rival marks syllable by syllable.

Valkya Editorial··6 min
High CourtHigh Court of Delhi

Crocs Inc. v. Bata India (2025): passing-off survives a registered design

In July 2025 a Division Bench of the Delhi High Court revived Crocs' long-stalled enforcement campaign, holding that a common-law passing-off action is maintainable even where the product get-up is itself a registered design. A digest of the facts, the design/trade-dress overlap, and the doctrine's later trajectory through the Supreme Court.

Valkya Editorial··7 min
High CourtDelhi High Court

Flipkart India v. Marc Enterprises: MARQ deceptively similar to MARC, house-mark addition insufficient

Delhi HC IP-Division Single Judge (Tejas Karia J.) upheld an interim injunction restraining Flipkart from using 'MARQ' and 'MARQ by Flipkart' for electronics, holding the mark phonetically, structurally and visually similar to prior-user Marc Enterprises' 'MARC' and that addition of the Flipkart house mark could not cure the deception.

Valkya Editorial··10 min
High CourtMadras High Court

ITC v. Nestle 'Magic Masala': descriptive use, laudatory epithets and the trade-mark identifier distinction

On 10 June 2020 Justice C. Saravanan of the Madras High Court Original Side, in ITC Limited v. Nestle India Ltd, dismissed ITC's passing-off action against Nestle's use of 'Magical Masala' on Maggi noodle packaging. The judgment holds that 'Magic Masala' and 'Magical Masala' are laudatory and descriptive — 'magic' and 'magical' are common laudatory epithets, 'masala' is a generic flavour descriptor — and that neither party used these terms as trade-mark identifiers. The dominant marks were 'Sunfeast Yippee!' and 'Maggi'; the disputed phrases functioned as flavour-variant descriptors. A close reading of the descriptive-use vs trade-mark-use distinction, the post-Marico v. Agro Tech architecture for laudatory marks, and what the judgment tells brand owners about packaging hierarchy.

Valkya Editorial··13 min
Supreme CourtSupreme Court of India

Satyam Infoway v. Siffynet Solutions: the Supreme Court brings the domain name within Indian trade-mark and passing-off law

On 6 May 2004, a two-judge bench of the Supreme Court of India — Ruma Pal, J. and P. Venkatarama Reddi, J. — held that a domain name is more than a mere internet address; it functions as a business identifier capable of trade-mark protection under the Trade Marks Act 1999 and the common-law tort of passing off. The Court reversed the Karnataka High Court Division Bench and restored the City Civil Judge Bangalore's interim injunction against Siffynet Solutions in favour of Satyam Infoway. A close reading of the territoriality of cyberspace question, the classical trinity test applied to coined word marks, the dicta on the UDRP and ICANN architecture and the foundational role of the judgment in the .in INDRP framework.

Valkya Editorial··14 min
Supreme CourtSupreme Court of India

Toyota v. Prius Auto Industries: the Supreme Court anchors trans-border reputation in territoriality

On 14 December 2017 a two-judge bench of the Supreme Court, in Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha v. M/S Prius Auto Industries Ltd, affirmed the Delhi High Court Division Bench's reversal of an ad-interim injunction in favour of Toyota and dismissed Toyota's appeal. The judgment, authored by Justice Ranjan Gogoi for himself and Justice Navin Sinha, holds that trans-border reputation under Indian passing-off law is governed by the territoriality principle — a foreign mark must demonstrate substantial spillover goodwill in Indian territory at the relevant date, here April 2001, and the classical trinity of goodwill, misrepresentation and damage applies even where the mark is globally famous. The judgment reads down Whirlpool (1996) and Milmet Oftho (2004) without overruling them and aligns Indian law with the English Starbucks (HK) approach. A close reading of the judgment's procedural posture, the territoriality holding, and what practitioners should plead in trans-border reputation suits.

Valkya Editorial··13 min