Tagged “prevention-of-cruelty-to-animals-act”

Animal Welfare Board of India v. A. Nagaraja (2014): Jallikattu, the Five Freedoms, and Article 21 for animals

In 2014 a two-judge Bench of the Supreme Court banned Jallikattu and bullock-cart races as cruelty under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, read the Five Freedoms into the statute, and gave the welfare of animals a constitutional vocabulary. A digest of the holding, the Five Freedoms standard, and how a 2023 Constitution Bench later distinguished the decision.