ValkyaEditorial

Tagged “public-procurement”

2 articles on public-procurement.

Supreme CourtSupreme Court of India

Ramana Dayaram Shetty v. International Airport Authority (1979): the instrumentality test for Article 12 'State'

On 4 May 1979, a three-judge Bench led by Justice P.N. Bhagwati laid down the multi-factor 'instrumentality or agency' test for when a body is 'State' under Article 12, and held that the State and its instrumentalities cannot depart arbitrarily from their own self-imposed standards when awarding contracts and largesse.

Valkya Editorial··9 min
TribunalCompetition Commission of India

CCI v. Purbanchal Enterprise: bid rigging in Assam Police Housing tenders, cease-and-desist without penalty

On 7 April 2026 the Competition Commission held seventeen electrical contractors liable under s.3(3)(d) for cover bidding and bid rotation in APHCL tenders, but issued only a cease-and-desist direction under s.27(a) — calibrating contravention-finding against penalty-quantum where the contraveners are small enterprises with geographically circumscribed conduct.

Valkya Editorial··8 min